Peripheral Neuropathy

30 April 2025

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What is Peripheral Neuropathy ?

Peripheral Neuropathy is a condition that occurs when the nerves located outside the brain and spinal cord (peripheral nerves) are damaged. This nerve damage can lead to a range of symptoms including weakness, numbness, pain, tingling, and burning sensations, especially in the hands and feet. In some cases, it can also affect digestion & urination.

As we know, peripheral nerves are responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and the limbs. When these nerves are damaged, the communication between the brain and the affected body parts is disrupted. Each type of nerves serves a specific function.

• Sensory Nerves       : Control sensations like touch, temperatures and pain.
• Motor Nerves           : Regulate muscle movement.
• Autonomic Nerves  : Manage involuntary functions such as blood pressure, sweating, heart rate, digestion and bladder control.

What are the symptoms ?

• Numbness, stabbing or burning pain in hands and feet.
• Pain often worsens at night while lying down.
• Loss of balance and frequent falls.
• Muscle wasting and weakness. It may feel like wearing gloves or socks all the time.
• Reduced ability to feel heat or cold.
• Excessive sweating, loss of bladder control, fluctuations in blood pressure, and dizziness.

What are the causes ?

Peripheral Neuropathy can result from a variety of conditions, including:

• Autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and Guillain Barre Syndrome.
• Diabetes ( One of the most common causes).
• Leprosy due to diabetes.
• Kidney and liver diseases due to hepatitis.
• Chronic alcohol consumption.
• Chemotherapy side effects.
• Vitamin deficiencies.

How can it be prevented ?

Adopting a healthy lifestyle is crucial in preventing Peripheral Neuropathy:

• Nutritious Diet : Include plenty of fruits and vegetables.
• Adequate Protein Intake : Fish, meat, and eggs are beneficial.
• Regular Exercise : 30 to 60 minutes in a day, at least for five days in a week.
• Avoid Harmful Habits : Refrain from smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.

Diagnosis

Peripheral Neuropathy can be diagnosed using several tests:

• Blood Tests
• EMG ( Electromyography) & Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS)
• MRI of the Spine
• Nerve Biopsy

Treatment

• Pain Management : Medications like paracetamol, pregabalin, gabapentin etc.
• Physical Therapy
• Surgical Intervention

Dr. Sareesh Kumar M K

Senior Consultant and Head - Neurosurgery & Spine Surgery
MBBS, MS , MCh (Neurosurgery )